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1.
Autops. Case Rep ; 11: e2021323, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339244

ABSTRACT

Fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS), or Pena-Shokeir phenotype is a constellation of deformational changes resulting from decreased or absent fetal movement, and include arthrogryposis, and craniofacial and central nervous system anomalies. We report an autopsy case of a 36-6/7week female neonate with a normal female karyotype and chromosome microarray demonstrating findings consistent with FADS. We provide a detailed examination of the severe and complex central nervous system abnormalities, including marked pontocerebellar hypoplasia and cortical and cerebellar migration and gyration defects. This case represents a rare detailed examination of the central nervous system of a patient with FADS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Arthrogryposis/pathology , Phenotype , Autopsy , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Corpus Callosum/pathology , Fetal Movement , Karyotype
2.
Rev. medica electron ; 42(6): 2644-2658, nov.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1150044

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La enfermedad de Parkinson según la Organización Mundial de Salud, en el año 2016, afectó una persona por cada 100 mayores de 60 años, siendo en cifras absolutas 6,3 millones de personas, y para el año 2030 serán aproximadamente 12 millones de personas en todo el mundo con dicha patología. Este desorden neurodegenerativo, caracterizado por la degradación nigro-estriatal y potenciación de la vía indirecta del circuito motor de los Ganglios Basales sumado al acúmulo de Cuerpos de Lewy en diversas estructuras del Sistema Nervioso Central, afecta progresiva e inevitablemente la calidad de vida de los pacientes, los procederes ablativos del núcleo subtalámico constituyen una alternativa que propicia efecto y seguridad probada en el control de los síntomas de esta enfermedad. Por lo cual se decide describir la ablación del Núcleo subtalámico como tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada (AU).


Summary According to the World Health Organization, in 2016 Parkinson's disease affected one person per every 100 people elder 60 years, meaning 6.3 millions of people, and by 2030 it will be around 12 million persons across the world. This neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the nigro-striatal degradation and potentiation of the indirect route of the basal ganglia motor circuit, added to the accumulation of Lewy bodies in several structures of the Central Nervous System, progressively and inevitably affects the life quality of patients. The ablative procedures of the subthalamic nucleus are an alternative that propitiates proven effect and safety in the control of this disease symptoms. Therefore, the authors decided to describe the subthalamic nucleus ablation as a treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Parkinson Disease/surgery , Subthalamic Nucleus/surgery , Parkinson Disease/complications , Parkinson Disease/diagnosis , Quality of Life , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Therapeutics/methods , Central Nervous System/abnormalities
4.
São Paulo; s.n; fev. 2016. 4 p. tab, mapas.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-774946

ABSTRACT

Este documento constam as informações epidemiológicas referentes à microcefalia e/ou alterações do SNC, previstas nas definições vigentes no “Protocolo de Vigilância e Resposta à Ocorrência de MicrocefaliaVersão 1.3/2016”, disponível no site www.saude.gov.br/svs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Epidemiological Monitoring , Microcephaly/embryology , Microcephaly/epidemiology , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Brazil/epidemiology , Stillbirth/epidemiology
5.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 50(4): 757-764, Oct-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741362

ABSTRACT

Chronic antidepressant administration increases neurotrophin levels in the central and peripheral nervous system, leading to an increase of neuronal sprouting, reestablishment of neural networks and neurotransmitter levels. Injured peripheral nerves regenerate at very slow rates. However, the recovery of the hypogastric nerve in rodents after injury is significantly improved with neurotrophin administration. Accordingly, our goal was to determine whether treatment with the antidepressant fluoxetine affects catecholamine levels and neuronal function, after surgical denervation of the rat vas deferens. Noradrenaline levels in the denervated vas deferens were higher in fluoxetine-treated animals than in the vehicle-treated group, as measured by high performance liquid chromatography. In functional studies of smooth muscle contraction, the responses induced by phenylephrine or ATP, as well as pre-synaptic α2-adrenoceptor reactivity, were not modified by chronic treatment with the antidepressant. However, the contraction mediated by neuronal release of noradrenaline induced by tyramine was increased on days 7 and 21 after denervation in rats treated with fluoxetine. These data indicate that fluoxetine can improve functional recovery after rat vas deferens denervation.


A administração crônica de antidepressivos aumenta os níveis de neurotrofinas no sistema nervoso central, levando a um aumento da arborização neuronal, restabelecendo a rede neural e os níveis de neurotransmissores. Lesões do sistema nervoso periférico mostram uma regeneração muito lenta. Entretanto, a recuperação após a lesão do nervo hipogástrico em roedores é significativamente melhorada após a administração de neurotrofinas. Nesse sentido, nosso objetivo foi verificar se o tratamento com o antidepressivo, fluoxetina, interfere nos níveis de catecolaminas e na função neuronal, após a desnervação cirúrgica do ducto deferente de rato. Nos vasos deferentes desnervados, os níveis de catecolaminas nos grupos tratados com fluoxetina foram maiores que no grupo veículo, quantificados em cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Nos estudos funcionais, a contração da musculatura lisa induzida pela fenilefrina ou pelo ATP, assim como a reatividade pré-sináptica α2-adrenérgica, não foram modificadas com o tratamento crônico de fluoxetina. Contudo, nas contrações mediadas pela liberação neuronal de norepinefrina induzida por tiramina, observou-se aumento da contração nos dias 7 e 21 após a desnevação em ratos tratados com fluoxetina. Esses dados indicam que a fluoxetina pode melhorar a recuperação funcional do vaso deferente de rato após a desnervação.


Subject(s)
Rats , Fluoxetine/adverse effects , Neurotransmitter Agents , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Norepinephrine/pharmacokinetics , Central Nervous System/abnormalities
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-157556

ABSTRACT

Diamond Black fan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital erythroid aplasia that usually presents in infancy. The DBA patients have low red blood cell count (Anaemia). The rest of their blood cells (Platelets & WBCs) are normal. We present a 14 month old male child who presented with severe anaemia. The patient was transfusion dependent since 4 months of age. Clinical examination revealed delayed mile stones and a couple of congenital deformities. Haematological parameters showed elevated foetal haemoglobin level (Hb F – 11.8% ) and elevated serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) level. Peripheral blood picture showed gross microcytic hypochromic red blood cells and absence of reticulocytes with normal levels of leucocytes and platelets. A bone marrow showed gross suppression of Erythroid series with M:E ratio of 30:1. Some large pronormoblasts were found. Family history was not significant. Compiling the clinical features, haematological parameters, PS and bone marrow findings, a diagnosis of DBA was given.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/blood , Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/complications , Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/diagnosis , Bone Marrow/analysis , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Humans , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Hypothyroidism/etiology , Infant , Male , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/blood
7.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 35(10): 436-441, out. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-696035

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre as malformações do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e a mutação C677T-MTHFR no sangue fetal. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle que comparou a presença da mutação C677T-MTHFR entre 78 fetos com malformações de SNC e 100 fetos morfologicamente normais. O DNA genômico foi extraído e purificado do sangue fetal utilizando o Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega Corp., Madison, WI, USA), de acordo com o protocolo do fabricante. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR, na sigla em inglês) foi realizada para a detecção da mutação C677T-MTHFR termolábil. A análise estatística descritiva foi realizada usando o teste exato de Fisher e o γ² e o teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado para a análise univariada. Uma análise de regressão logística foi realizada para identificar as variáveis preditoras de malformações do SNC fetal. RESULTADOS: Os casos e controles foram similares quanto às características maternas, incluindo idade e paridade. A mutação C677T-MTHFR foi detectada em 20 casos (25,6%) e em 6 controles na forma heterozigota (OR 10,3; IC95% 3,3-32,2) e em 6 casos (7,7%) e em 1 controle na forma homozigota (OR 12,3; IC95% 1,3-111,1), e essas diferenças foram estatisticamente significativas. CONCLUSÃO: A presença da mutação C677T-MTHFR no sangue fetal foi consistente com maior risco de malformações de SNC, tanto na forma heterozigota quando homozigota.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between central nervous system (CNS) malformations and the C677T-MTHFR mutation in fetal blood. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to compare the MTHFR-C677T mutation detected in 78 fetuses with CNS malformations and with 100 morphologically normal fetuses. Genomic DNA was extracted and purified from fetal blood using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega Corp., Madison, WI, USA) according to manufacturer's protocol. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assay the thermolabile MTHFR-C677T mutation. The γ² and the Fisher's exact tests were used for descriptive analysis and the Wilcoxon test was used for univariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify which variables were predictors of CNS malformation. RESULTS: Cases and controls were similar regarding maternal characteristics such as age and number of deliveries and abortions. The MTHFR-C677T mutation was detected in 20 cases (25.6%) and in 6 controls in its heterozygous form (OR 10.3; 95%CI 3.3-32.2) and in 6 cases (7.7%) and in 1 control in its homozygous form (OR 12.3; 95%CI 1.3-111.1), and the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The presence of the MTHFR-C677T mutation in fetal blood was consistent with a higher risk of CNS malformations, both in the heterozygous and homozygous forms.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Mutation , /genetics , Nervous System Malformations/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Fetal Blood , /blood
8.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 33(2): 68-70, jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695456

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman (ERD) es una enfermedad idiopática benigna caracterizada por una proliferación anormal de histiocitos. Desde que fue descripta por Rosai y Dorfman en 1969 son pocos los casos publicados en la literatura, aproximadamente 750 en el mundo. 1- 4La presentación clínica más frecuente son linfadenopatías cervicales bilaterales indoloras. La afectación extranodal ocurre en el 43% de los casos y el compromiso del sistema nervioso central en un 4%.1,3-8 Amos y cols. publican la existencia de 111 casos hasta el año 2008 con afectación del sistema nervioso central (SNC).9 Hasta el año 2011 se han publicado un total de 136 casos.En este artículo presentamos el caso de una paciente con ERD intracraneal sin afectación ganglionar, afectación excepcionalmente rara (únicamente se han publicado 24 casos).


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Case Reports , Brain Diseases , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Histiocytosis, Sinus , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Rare Diseases
9.
Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 76(1): 30-39, ene.-mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695655

ABSTRACT

La parálisis cerebral infantil (PCI) es un síndrome cuyo origen está localizado en el Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC), primera neurona o neurona motora superior; eso implica que casi todos los niños con PCI presentan, además de los defectos de la postura y movimiento,otros trastornos asociados. Es la causa más frecuente de discapacidad motriz en la edad pediátrica. Han transcurrido casi 2 siglos de estudios sobre PCI. La frecuencia de PCI en los países desarrollados afecta a 1,2 – 2,5 de cada 1.000 Recién nacidos vivos (RNV), enVenezuela no se cuenta con estadísticas. El peso y la edad de gestación son los factores más relacionados con la presencia de PCI. Es deplorable la carencia de estudios neuropatológicos relevantes y confiables. Los mecanismos íntimos de su etiopatogenia sondesconocidos. La clasificación más útil es la clínica. Este síndrome debe ser sospechado lo más temprano posible (antes de 18 meses). Su diagnóstico es clínico (historia clínica y exploración), intentando siempre buscar su origen y hacer un seguimiento neuroevolutivohasta los 7 años de vida. Descartar enfermedades neurodegenerativas y metabólicas, igual que enfermedades neuromusculares (neurona motora inferior). El tratamiento debe ser integral, multi-interdisciplinario planificado y coordinado, teniendo como objetivo mejorar la calidad de vida de estos niños. Prevenir embarazos precoces, consanguinidad, incumplimiento del control prenatal y desnutrición materna. En la actualidad más del 90% de los niños con PCI sobreviven hasta la edad adulta.


The ICP (infant cerebral palsy) is a syndrome whose origin is located in the Central Nervous System (CNS), first neuron or upper motor neuron, that means that almost all children with ICP also exhibit defects of posture, movement and other associated disorders. It is the most common cause of physical disability in children. It has been nearly two centuries of studies on ICP. The frequency of ICP in developed countries affecting 1.2 - 2.5 in 1000 live births; in Venezuela we do not have statistics. The weight and gestational age are the more common factors related to the presence of ICP, is deplorable the lack of relevant and reliable neuropathological studies. The precise mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are unknown. The most useful classification is the clinic. This syndrome should be suspected asearly as possible (before 18 months). The diagnosis is clinical (clinical history and examination), always trying to find its origin and a neurodevelopmental tracing up to 7 years. Dismiss neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, as well as neuromuscular diseases (lower motor neuron). The treatment must be integral, planned, coordinated, multi and interdisciplinary. The objective must be to improve thequality of life of these children, preventing early pregnancy, consanguinity, breach of prenatal control and maternal malnutrition. Nowdays over 90% of children with ICP survive into adulthood.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cerebral Palsy/etiology , Cerebral Palsy , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Motor Skills Disorders/etiology , Gestational Age , Motor Skills Disorders/complications
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 64(6): 1497-1503, Dec. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660216

ABSTRACT

Relata-se o diagnóstico de linfoma primário no sistema nervoso central em um cão Labrador Retrievier, de 10 anos de idade, que apresentava episódios convulsivos, incoordenação nos membros posteriores, head tilt, ataxia e sensibilidade diminuída no lado esquerdo. Constataram-se alterações laterais esquerdas, como ausências de propriocepção e de posicionamento tátil, alterações posteriores nas provas de carrinho de mão e de reação ao pulo e diminuição da extensão da postura e hemilocomoção. No líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR), houve predomínio de linfócitos atípicos, caracterizados pela presença de anisocitose e anisocariose, nucléolos evidentes e anisonucleose, basofilia e microvacuolização citoplasmáticas, mitoses atípicas e corpúsculos linfoglandulares, compatíveis com linfoma, confirmado pelo exame histológico e imunocitoquímico, o qual revelou origem T, com expressão CD3+ e CD79-. A tomografia computadorizada não foi conclusiva e evidenciou diversas áreas hipodensas e intensificação de contraste na região de sulcos e giros do parênquima encefálico. A coleta do LCR foi essencial na rapidez do diagnóstico definitivo, indicando a natureza rara desta lesão primária.


A primary lymphoma in the central nervous system in a 10 year-old Labrador Retriever presenting seizures, hind limb incoordination, head tilt, ataxia and decreased sensitivity on the left side was reported. Regarding postural reactions, there were changes in the left side such as proprioceptive and tactile positioning defects, and in the posterior reaction tests such as wheelbarrowing and limb hopping, along with a reduction in the extensor postural thrust reaction and hemi-walking response. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed a predominance of atypical lymphocytes characterized by pleocytosis, marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, evident nucleoli and anisonucleosis, cytoplasmic basophilia and microvacuolation, atypical mitotic figures and lymphoglandular bodies. These findings were compatible with lymphoma, which was confirmed by histopathology and immunocytochemistry that showed a T-cell origin, with CD3 + and CD79- expression. A computed tomography scan was inconclusive and showed several hypodense areas and a contrast enhancement in the sulci and gyri region of the brain parenchyma. The CSF analysis was essential for a quicker definitive diagnosis, indicating the nature of this rare primary injury.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/veterinary , Lymphoma, T-Cell/veterinary , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Brain Neoplasms/veterinary , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Central Nervous System/injuries , Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological/veterinary
11.
Radiol. bras ; 45(6): 309-314, out.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660790

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de malformações congênitas do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e malformações associadas diagnosticadas pela ultrassonografia obstétrica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo, em instituição de referência para gestações de alto risco. RESULTADOS: Malformações congênitas do SNC estiveram presentes sem outras malformações associadas em 65,78%, com a distribuição: hidrocefalia (37,5%), mielomeningocele (15%), encefalocele (12,5%), agenesia de corpo caloso (12,5%), anencefalia (12,5%), holoprosencefalia (7,5%), Dandy-Walker (7,5%), Arnold-Chiari (5,0%), hidranencefalia (5,0%), meningocele (5,0%), cisto aracnoideo (2,5%). Malformações congênitas de outros sistemas estiveram associadas às do SNC: craniofacial (73,9%), ortopédica (65,2%), cardiovascular (34,8%), geniturinária (30,4%), gastrintestinal (30,4%), respiratória (8,7%), sindrômica (8,7), oftalmológica (4,3%). A sensibilidade ultrassonográfica no estudo de malformações fetais do SNC foi 79,4%. A taxa de falso-negativos foi 20,5%. Dentre as limitações quantificáveis destaca-se o oligodrâmnio, presente em 25% dos falso-negativos. CONCLUSÃO: A ultrassonografia obstétrica possui boa sensibilidade no rastreio de malformações fetais do SNC, em especial com o aperfeiçoamento constante e domínio na utilização de métodos especializados, como o Doppler e a ultrassonografia volumétrica (3D/4D), contribuindo para firmar-se como modalidade de escolha nesta rotina. Complementar ao método, a ressonância magnética pode vir a fornecer subsídios para uma ainda melhor assistência perinatal.


OBJECTIVE: To identify and evaluate the prevalence of congenital central nervous system (CNS) malformations and associated defects diagnosed by obstetric ultrasonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study developed in an institution of reference for high-risk pregnancies. RESULTS: Congenital CNS malformations without other associated defects were present in 65.78% of cases, as follows: hydrocephalus (37.5%), myelomeningocele (15%), encephalocele (12.5%), corpus callosum agenesis (12.5%), anencephaly (12.5%), holoprosencephaly (7.5%), Dandy-Walker (7.5%), Arnold-Chiari (5.0%), hydranencephaly (5.0%), meningocele (5.0%), arachnoid cyst (2.5%). Congenital malformations of other systems were associated with such malformations, as follows: craniofacial (73.9%), orthopedic (65.2%), cardiovascular (34.8%), genitourinary (30.4%), gastrointestinal (30.4%), respiratory (8.7%), syndromic (8.7%), ophthalmologic (4.3%). The sonographic sensitivity in the study of CNS malformations was 79.4%. The rate of false-negative results was 20.5%. Oligohydramnios, present in 25% of false-negative studies, stands out among the quantifiable limitations. CONCLUSION: Obstetric ultrasonography presents good sensitivity in the screening for fetal CNS malformations, specially with the constant improvement and control of specialized methods such as Doppler and volumetric ultrasonography (3D/4D), contributing to consolidate its role as a modality of choice in this routine. Magnetic resonance imaging may play a supplementary role, providing information for an even better perinatal care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Congenital Abnormalities , Medical Records , Prevalence , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Stillbirth , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data , Ultrasonography
12.
Radiol. bras ; 45(5): 291-293, set.-out. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-653656

ABSTRACT

A neurocisticercose é uma doença caracterizada pelo envolvimento do sistema nervoso central pelo estágio larval intermediário do parasita Taenia solium. O processo de degeneração da larva e a reação inflamatória do organismo causam os sintomas clínicos. Relatamos a reativação clínica e radiológica de uma forma nodular calcificada e assintomática há mais de 20 anos. O tratamento antiparasitário mostrou boa resposta.


Neurocysticercosis is a disease characterized by the involvement of the central nervous system by the intermediate larval stage of the parasite Taenia solium. The larva degeneration process and the inflammatory reaction of the body cause clinical symptoms. The authors report a case of clinical and radiological reactivation of nodular calcified neurocysticercosis in a patient who was asymptomatic for more than 20 years. Antiparasitic treatment showed a good response.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Calcinosis , Nerve Tissue , Neurocysticercosis , Recurrence , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Central Nervous System/parasitology , Taenia solium , Dizziness , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Headache , Seizures
13.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 16(3): 406-409, jul.-set. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-646380

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Dandy Walker Syndrome is a congenital abnormality in the central nervous system, characterized by a deficiency in the development of middle cerebelar structures, cystic dilatation of the posterior pit communicating with the fourth ventricle and upward shift of the transverse sinuses, tentorium and dyes. Among the clinical signs are occipital protuberances, a progressive increase of the skull, bowing before the fontanels, papilledema, ataxia, gait disturbances, nystagmus, and intellectual impairment. Objectives: To describe a case of female patient, 13 years old with a diagnosis of this syndrome and bilateral hearing loss underwent cochlear implant surgery under local anesthesia and sedation. Case Report: CGS, 13 years old female was referred to the Otolaryngological Department of Otolaryngology Institute of Parana with a diagnosis of "Dandy-Walker syndrome" for Otolaryngological evaluation for bilateral hearing loss with no response to the use of hearing aids. Final Comments: The field of cochlear implants is growing rapidly. We believe that the presence of Dandy-Walker syndrome cannot be considered a contraindication to the performance of cochlear implant surgery, and there were no surgical complications due to neurological disorders with very favorable results for the patient who exhibits excellent discrimination. It has less need for lip reading with improvement in speech quality...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Audiometry , Hydrocephalus/rehabilitation , Cochlear Implants/trends , Hearing Loss, Bilateral/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Syndrome
14.
Pediatr. mod ; 48(3)mar. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-663145

ABSTRACT

Este artigo discute sobre a dificuldade em separar quais os aspectos orgânicos e quais os aspectos psíquicos que as crianças que foram tratadas de tumor do sistema nervoso central (SNC) podem apresentar. O interesse e a importância dessa discussão se devem pelo desafio que o tratamento dos tumores cerebrais incita nos profissionais que acompanham as crianças que recebem esse tipo de diagnóstico. A maioria dessas crianças apresenta prejuízos neurológicos considerados importantes e que podem influenciar suas vidas. É preciso que o psicanalista que se propõe a atender esses pacientes tenha o conhecimento das possíveis sequelas orgânicas e dialogue com os outros profissionais envolvidos. O trabalho psicanalítico propicia que o paciente compreenda como sua doença se integra em sua história consciente e inconsciente, construindo, assim, um sentido que lhe é particular, reorganizando seu desejo. Os avanços proporcionados pela escuta singular e pela abordagem dos aspectos inconscientes envolvidos na problemática apontam para a interferência de fatores psíquicos intensificando as sequelas orgânicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/psychology , Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Neoplasms/therapy , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Psychoanalytic Therapy
15.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2012. 169 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-846849

ABSTRACT

O gene ADAM23 está epigeneticamente silenciado em tumores de mama de estágios mais avançados e o seu silenciamento nesses tumores confere ao paciente um maior risco de desenvolvimento de metástases e um pior prognóstico. O silenciamento do gene ADAM23 na linhagem tumoral de mama MDA-MB-435 reduz a capacidade proliferativa e aumenta a capacidade migratória e invasiva das células em modelo tridimensional de cultura. No entanto, paradoxalmente, o silenciamento do gene ADAM23 nessa linhagem reduz a capacidade tumorigênica e metastática das células em ensaios in vivo utilizando animais imunodeficientes. Ensaios subsequentes utilizando misturas de células positivas e negativas para a expressão de ADAM23 revelaram que as células negativas estimulam a proliferação, migração e invasão das células positivas e que a heterogeneidade tumoral em relação à expressão de ADAM23 é importante para a disseminação e colonização metastática. Este trabalho teve como objetivo validar a associação entre o silenciamento do gene ADAM23 em tumores primários e a progressão tumoral, e também encontrar um modelo celular alternativo para a realização de ensaios funcionais que comprovassem o papel do gene ADAM23 na proliferação, migração, e invasão celular, bem como a existência de interação celular entre células ADAM23 positivas e negativas. A análise da expressão do gene ADAM23 em amostras de gliomas de diferentes estágios através de PCR em Tempo Real revelou que a expressão desse gene diminui ao longo da progressão tumoral e está bastante reduzida em tumores de grau avançado. Porém, ao contrário do observado em tumores de mama, o silenciamento do gene ADAM23 em gliomas não é causado por hipermetilação de sua região promotora nem por mutações em sua região codificante, ou perda de heterozigose. Infelizmente, não foi possível selecionar clones derivados da linhagem celular de glioblastoma U87MG com silenciamento estável do gene ADAM23 para a realização de ensaios funcionais. Aparentemente, o silenciamento de ADAM23 nessa linhagem resulta na parada do ciclo celular na fase G0/G1, impedindo a seleção de clones com silenciamento estável do gene. O mesmo fenômeno não foi observado na linhagem de melanoma SKmel-37, permitindo a seleção de clones com silenciamento estável de ADAM23 e a realização de ensaios funcionais. Curvas de proliferação em monocamada e ensaios de incorporação de MTT em modelo tridimensional in vitro demonstraram que o silencimento de ADAM23 na linhagem SKmel-37 diminui sua taxa de proliferação em 20-50%. Ensaios de citometria de fluxo demonstraram que o silenciamento de ADAM23 interfere na expressão das integrinas αvß3 e αvß5 na membrana celular, resultando em diminuição de 50% na afinidade aos ligantes de matriz e aumento significativo na capacidade de migração e invasão no colágeno. Ensaios in vitro e in vivo utilizando misturas de células SKmel-37 ADAM23 positivas e negativas também confirmaram a existência de interação entre os dois subtipos celulares. Ensaios in vitro de migração e invasão no colágeno revelaram que células ADAM23 negativas induzem a migração e a invasão de células positivas e, em ensaios de tumorigienese in vivo, observamos que os tumores formados a partir da injeção de uma mistura de células positivas e negativas apresentam crescimento semelhante ao dos tumores formados a partir da injeção de células ADAM23 positivas


The ADAM23 gene is epigenetically silenced in breast tumors of more advanced stages and its silencing in these tumors gives the patient a greater risk of developing metastasis and a worse prognosis. The ADAM23 gene silencing in the MDA-MB-435 breast tumor cell line reduces the proliferative capacity and increases migratory and invasive abilities of cells in three-dimensional culture models. Yet, paradoxically, the ADAM23 gene silencing in this line reduces tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of cells in in vivo assays using immunodeficient animals. Subsequent tests using ADAM23 positive and negative cells mixtures revealed that negative cells stimulate proliferation, migration and invasion of positive cells and the heterogeneity of ADAM23 expression in tumors is important for the spreading and metastatic colonization. This study aimed to validate the association between ADAM23 gene silencing in primary tumors and tumor progression as well as find an alternative cellular model for performing functional tests to prove the role of the ADAM23 gene in proliferation, migration and cell invasion, and to prove the existence of cell interaction between ADAM23 positive and negative cells. The analysis of ADAM23 gene expression in samples from different stages of gliomas by RT-PCR revealed that the expression of this gene decreases over tumor progression and is greatly reduced in tumors of advanced degree. However, unlike that observed in breast tumors, the ADAM23 gene silencing in gliomas is not caused by hypermethylation of its promoter region or by mutations in its coding region, or by loss of heterozygosity. Unfortunately, it was not possible to select clones derived from the U87MG glioblastoma cell line with stable silencing of the gene ADAM23 for the functional testing. Apparently, the silencing of ADAM23 in this cell line results in cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, preventing the selection of clones with stable gene silencing. The same phenomenon was not observed in SKmel-37 melanoma cell line, allowing selection of clones with stable silencing of ADAM23 and functional testing. Monolayer proliferation curves and in vitro MTT incorporation assays in three-dimensional models showed that ADAM23 silencing in the SKmel-37 cell line reduces their rate of proliferation by 20-50%. Flow cytometry assays demonstrated that ADAM23 silencing interferes with the expression of αvß3 and αvß5 integrins in the cell membrane, resulting in a 50% decrease in binding afinity to the matrix and a significant increase in migratory and invasive abilities on collagen. In vitro and in vivo assays using ADAM23 positive and negative SKmel-37 cell mixtures also confirmed the existence of interaction between the two cell subsets. In vitro invasion and migration on collagen assays revealed that ADAM23 negative cells induce migration and invasion of positive cells. Furthermore, in in vivo tumorigenic tests we found that tumors formed from injection of a mixture of positive and negative cells exhibit growth similar to the tumors formed after injection of ADAM23 positive cells


Subject(s)
ADAM Proteins/analysis , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Glioma/complications , Melanoma/complications , Gene Expression/genetics , Neoplasm Metastasis/prevention & control
16.
IJRM-Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2012; 10 (1): 1-6
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-117346

ABSTRACT

Precocious puberty, as early physical development and low final height might lead to psychosocial problems. To evaluate etiology and clinical feature of precocious puberty in a cohort of Iranian children. In this case-series study, 44 girls and 8 boys with precocious puberty referred to Endocrine Research Centre [Firouzgar], Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism [Hemmat Campus], were examined in a 10 years period of time. Mean age of girls and boys was 7.43 +/- 1.4 years and 5.8 +/- 2.1 years respectively. most of the patients fell within the age category of 7-7.9 years old [40.9% for girls and 50% for boys]. Patients, concerning etiology of precocious puberty were classified in three categories: 42.6% of patients had central precocious puberty [CPP], including idiopathic CPP [87.5%] and neurogenic CPP [12.5%]. 23.3% of patients had peripheral precocious puberty [PPP], including congenital adrenal hyperplasia [CAH] [42.8%], ovarian cysts [28.4%], McCune-Albright syndrome [14.2%] and adrenal carcinoma [14.2%]. 34.1% of girls and 25% of boys had normal variant puberty including premature thelarche p57%], premature adrenarche [38%] as well as premature menarche [4.7%1]. The most common etiology of precocious puberty in girls was idiopathic central precocious puberty and premature thelarche, while in boys they were neurogenic central precocious puberty and CAH. Therefore precocious puberty in girls is usually benign. In boys, CNS anomalies should first be considered in the differential diagnosis of CPP. Therefore brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI] is mandatory in all cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Puberty, Precocious/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Central Nervous System/abnormalities
17.
Rev. argent. ultrason ; 10(4): 201-205, dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616754

ABSTRACT

Anomalía del sistema nervioso central que se produce entre la 7º y 12º semana de gestación y cuyas causas se desconocen. Se describe su embriología y desarrollo, así como técnicas para su diagnóstico por imágenes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Corpus Callosum , Corpus Callosum , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Central Nervous System , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/instrumentation , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
18.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 31(9): 723-730, set. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-602162

ABSTRACT

Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-necroscópicos de uma doença neurológica hereditária observada em bovinos no município de Ecoporanga, norte do Estado do Espírito Santo. Trata-se de enfermidade do sistema nervoso central verificada exclusivamente em fêmeas, filhas de touro reprodutor de 5 anos de idade da raça Nelore, oriundo do município de Curvelo, Minas Gerais, com vacas mestiças Nelore x Quianini; bezerros machos oriundos deste cruzamento não demonstraram quaisquer sinais relacionados à enfermidade. Os sinais clínicos, presentes ao nascimento ou detectáveis nas primeiras semanas de vida, caracterizam-se por ataxia, perda do equilíbrio, instabilidade, andar em círculos, posicionamento incorreto dos membros no animal em estação ou em marcha (afastamento e/ou desvio de membros da posição normal) e desvio lateral da coluna (eixo principal do corpo em diagonal). De animal para animal, há marcada variação na intensidade das manifestações clínicas. Os bovinos mais afetados morrem devido à incapacidade de se alimentar. O exame macroscópico evidenciou, em grau variável de intensidade, áreas de depressão assimétrica setorial, sobretudo nos lobos frontal e temporal do córtex telencefálico e no córtex cerebelar. Em adição observou-se atrofia de grupos musculares de membros correspondentes às porções defeituosas no sistema nervoso central. O estudo histológico inicial revelou que as áreas deprimidas devem-se à redução setorial de populações neuronais (provavelmente abiotrofia/atrofia) principalmente nos lobos cerebrais frontal e temporal e nas camadas granular e molecular do córtex cerebelar. Estudos morfométrico, imunohistoquímico e ultraestrutural estão sendo realizados e devem trazer mais informações sobre os aspectos microscópicos e patogenéticos. Os achados epidemiológicos indicam que a enfermidade está diretamente ligada ao cromossoma X, com penetrância completa e expressividade variável.


The epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of a neurological disease have been described in cattle in the Ecoporanga county, northeastern Espírito Santo, Brazil. This disease of the central nervous system occurred only in daughters of a 5-year-old Nelore bull crossed with Nelore x Quianini cows. The clinical signs, which were detectable immediately or in the first weeks after birth, are characterized by ataxia, instability, circling, abnormal position of the limbs when standing or walking (removal and/or deviation of members from the normal position) and lateral deviation of the vertebral column (main axis of the body in diagonal). The disease is expressed by variable widths in their clinical manifestations. Most affected animals died due to incapacity of milk or food intake. The macroscopic examination shows variable degree of asymmetric sectorial depressed areas of the frontal and temporal telencephalic cortex, and in the cortex of the cerebellum, as well as correspondent muscular (appendicular) atrophy. Histological examination revealed that the depressed areas are due to the sectorial reduction of neuronal populations (probably atrophy/abiotrophy), mainly in the frontal and temporal brain lobes, and in the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellar cortex. Morphometric, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies are underway and should provide more information about the microscopical and pathogenetic aspects. Epidemiological data indicate that the illness is directly linked to the chromosome X, with complete penetration and variable expressiveness.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Brain Diseases/pathology , Brain Diseases/veterinary , Brain Diseases/epidemiology , Central Nervous System/abnormalities
19.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 13(1): 42-51, jul. 2011. graf, ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-600572

ABSTRACT

Los modelos experimentales en rata han sido de gran utilidad en las evaluaciones terapéuticas o de reemplazo de células en enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Se ha comprobado que las células de la médula ósea (CMO) de ratas pueden diferenciarse en células que no forman parte de sus linajes normales. Hay evidencias de estos procesos de trans-diferenciación, pero aún no se conocen los mecanismos moleculares que activan estos procesos. El propósito de nuestro trabajo fue estudiar el polimorfismo genético del ADN de los tipos celulares que conforman las CMO y las células del sistema nervioso central (SNC), estríatales y de la corteza de ratas mediante la técnica de RAPD. Las CMO, las células mononucleares (CMMO), las células estromales (CEMO) y las del SNC fueron obtenidas de ratas, y su ADN genómico fue purificado y amplificado mediante la técnica de RAPD, utilizando 15 cebadores al azar. Se construyó un dendograma de las bandas de amplificación generadas utilizando el método de UPGMA. Las células estudiadas según el análisis del RAPD quedaron en 2 grupos bien definidos, pudiéndose diferenciar las CEMO del resto de las células estudiadas. Los cebadores OPA-6, 7 y 12, mostraron el polimorfismo genético de los linajes de células estudiadas. Mediante la técnica de RAPD se demostró la variabilidad genética entre las CEMO y las CMMO, células estriadas y de corteza que mostraron una homogeneidad genética, proponiéndose marcadores específicos de RAPD para cada grupo de células. Este es el primer estudio del polimorfismo genético de las CMO y del SNC de ratas.


Experimental models have been of grate usefulness in the therapeutic or replacement cells in neurodegenerative diseases. It has been demonstrated that bone marrow cells (BMC), can be difefferentiated in cells that do not form part of their normal lineage. There is evidence of these trans-differentiation processes in these cells, but nevertheless, molecular mechanisms that activate these differentiation process still not known. The purpose of our work was to study the genetic polymorphism of those cellular types; that conform the rat bone marrow cells (BMC) as well as those of the central nervous system (CNS), striatum cells and cortex ones, trough RAPD technique. BM, mononuclear cells (BMMC), estromal cells (BMSC) and the CNS cells were obtained from rats and genomic ADN was purified and amplified through RAPD technique, using 15 random primers. A dendogram was constructed according to UPGMA method of the amplifying RAPD bands. Studied cells as- according to the RAPD analysis- were grouped into 2 well- defined groups, as CEMO coud be differentiated from the rest of studied cells. OPA-6, 7 and 12 primers showed the genetic polymorphism of the studied lineages cells. Also will be proposed specific RAPD genetic markers. Through RAPD technique permitted the genetic variability was demonstrated betwen BMEC and BMMC of striated cells and of cortex, which demonstratd a genetic homogeneity through RAPD technique so specific genetic markers of RAPD were thus propose for each group of cells. These constitute the first study on genetic polymorphism of BMC and CNS.


Subject(s)
Bone Marrow/abnormalities , Bone Marrow/growth & development , Bone Marrow/immunology , Bone Marrow/ultrastructure , Polymorphism, Genetic/physiology , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Central Nervous System/injuries , Central Nervous System/metabolism , Central Nervous System/microbiology , Central Nervous System/ultrastructure
20.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 14(1): 106-119, mar. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-576935

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho constituiu um estudo do tipo transversal, que objetivou avaliar a possível associação entre a exposição a trialometanos presentes na rede pública de abastecimento de água da região metropolitana de São Paulo e a ocorrência de desfechos adversos na gravidez. Para a realização deste estudo, foram selecionados 19 municípios da região metropolitana de São Paulo que eram abastecidos por apenas uma estação de tratamento de água, no período de 1998 a 2002. Partiu-se da verificação dos níveis de trialometanos na água de abastecimento e da análise da prevalência de baixo peso ao nascer, prematuridade, anomalias congênitas, defeitos no tubo neural e no sistema nervoso central, nos recém-nascidos dos municípios estudados, para se analisar a associação entre a exposição a trialometanos e a ocorrência de desfechos adversos na gravidez. A população estudada consistiu em todas as mulheres grávidas e seus filhos recém-nascidos, residentes nos municípios selecionados durante o período de estudo, que tiveram suas declarações de nascido vivo registradas no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). Os níveis de trialometanos foram tratados como categorias. A análise descritiva foi seguida pela análise univariada, e esta pela análise multivariada. Para expressar as possíveis associações dos desfechos pesquisados com os trialometanos foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado, seguido da estimativa das razões de chance (odds ratio - OR) com intervalos de 95 por cento de confiança. O controle das variáveis de confusão se deu através da análise de regressão logística múltipla não condicional, seguindo os procedimentos de Hosmer e Lemeshow (2000). As variáveis que apresentaram nível de significância estatística (p < 0,2) na análise univariada foram inseridas no modelo múltiplo...


This paper describes a cross-sectional study that aimed to evaluate the possible association between exposure to trihalomethanes present in public water supplies in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and the occurrence of adverse outcomes in pregnancy. In order to perform the research, 19 municipalities located in the metropolitan area of São Paulo that were supplied by only one water treatment plant, from 1998 to 2002, were selected. The starting point was the verification of trihalomethane levels in public water supplies and the analysis of the prevalence of low birth weight, preterm delivery, congenital anomalies, neural tube and nervous system defects in newborns of the municipalities that were involved in the study, in order to analyze the association between exposure to trihalomethanes and the occurrence of adverse outcomes in pregnancy. The population that was studied consisted of all pregnant women and their newborn children who were living in the selected municipalities during the research period, and had their birth certificates registered in the Information System on Live Births (SINASC). The levels of trihalomethanes were treated as categories. The descriptive analysis was followed by a univariate analysis and then by a multivariate analysis. To express the possible associations of the research outcomes with trihalomethanes, the chi-square test was used followed by the estimation of odds-ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Confounding variables were controlled through the analysis of unconditional multiple logistic regression, following the procedures of Hosmer and Lemeshow (2000). The variables that showed statistical significance (p < 0.2) in univariate analysis were entered into the multivariate mode. The results pointed out an association between possible risk of prematurity and malformation related to trihalomethanes, raising the need for in-depth studies, due to the implications of that fact in public health...


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Water Supply/analysis , Congenital Abnormalities , Infant, Premature , Neural Tube , Pregnant Women , Trihalomethanes , Water Pollution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drinking , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Obstetric Labor, Premature , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Toxicity , Water Contamination Effects
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